BIRN Report Reveals Ongoing Challenges for Freedom of Information in Balkans

New report says legal safeguards regarding FoI have not translated into action in the six WB countries – where journalists continue to face stonewalling and harassment in their work.

The legal framework guaranteeing freedom of information in the six Western Balkan countries remains strong on paper but its practical enforcement continues to fall short amid “administrative silence”, bureaucratic hurdles and political resistance, a new report by the Balkan Investigative Reporting Network, BIRN, has revealed.

Launched on Monday, the report is based on BIRN journalists’ work during 2024 and provides a comprehensive analysis of Freedom of Information, FOI, practices across Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia.

BIRN journalists filed a total of 1,015 FOI requests across the region last year. While there were some improvements compared to previous years, the report found that transparency remains elusive.

“Compared to previous reports, some improvement was detected when it came to public institutions’ responses to BIRN journalists’ FOI requests,” the report noted, pointing to a quantitative increase in responses.

The rate of full responses rose modestly to 55.86 per cent, while the share of unanswered requests — so-called “administrative silence” — dropped significantly from 56.7 per cent in 2022 to 23.35 per cent in 2024.

However, nearly half of all requests still ended in rejection, partial responses or silence, a tactic that remains widespread to avoid accountability. The problem was particularly acute in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo.

Over the years, BIRN’s reports have documented a consistent pattern of FOI requests being neither formally rejected nor answered, with authorities resorting to silence, delays, irrelevant responses or complex bureaucratic obstacles. These practices effectively deny journalists access to public information.

“BIRN journalists reported frequent institutional obstruction, such as excessive bureaucratic requirements, procedural delays and deliberate misdirection. These barriers, combined with weak appeal mechanisms in some countries – notably Serbia – often render legal guarantees meaningless in practice,” the report explains.

The report also highlighted increasing hostility toward journalists, including legal intimidation through strategic lawsuits against public participation (SLAPPs) and institutional non-cooperation, especially when journalists investigate sensitive topics such as corruption, environmental damage and AI surveillance.

Political will for genuine transparency remains limited across the region. Even when reforms are introduced, they often fail to produce swift results. The report cited examples such as Bosnia’s Brčko District, North Macedonia and Serbia, where legal reforms were initiated in 2024 but have yet to demonstrate tangible improvements.

Montenegro has yet to complete reforms launched four years ago.

Oversight bodies meant to enforce FOI laws are frequently underfunded, understaffed and lack true political independence. This means public institutions that refuse to comply with the law often face no real consequences.

“Across the region, public institutions continue to exploit broad legal exemptions, often citing data secrecy, confidentiality clauses or ongoing investigations to withhold information, even in cases of high public interest,” the report highlighted. “This trend is exacerbated by the uneven enforcement of FOI laws, with oversight bodies frequently under-resourced and lacking effective sanctioning mechanisms.”

Recommendations

The report called on governments to promote transparency by:

  • Proactively publishing information and engaging with the media
  • Reforming legal frameworks in a transparent way
  • Digitising and centralising FOI processes
  • Protecting journalists from retaliation, including banning and penalising SLAPPs and other forms of intimidation

Independent FOI institutions were urged to strengthen enforcement by advocating for tougher laws, holding institutions accountable, prioritising journalists’ complaints and investing in staff capacity-building.

The report also encouraged journalists and media associations to pursue strategic litigation and to document and publicise obstruction by producing reports or databases tracking public institutions’ responses to FOI requests. Investing in legal teams and training was also advised to better protect journalists’ rights.

The findings were unveiled at a launch event that gathered journalists, the report authors, institutional representatives, donors and civil society experts committed to advancing democratic accountability in the Western Balkans.

The launch featured:

– A five-year retrospective on FOI developments in the region
– Presentation of key findings from the 2024 FOI report
– Country-level reflections shared by BIRN journalists
– A panel discussion with institutional representatives on improving FOI practices

Institutional panelists included:

  • Slavoljupka Pavlović, Representative of the Commissioner for Information of Public Importance and Personal Data Protection, Serbia
  • Plamenka Bojcheva, Director, Agency for the Protection of the Right to Free Access to Public Information, North Macedonia
  • Krenare Sogojeva Dërmaku, Commissioner, Information and Privacy Agency, Kosovo
  • Biljana Božić, Head of Department, Agency for Personal Data Protection and Free Access to Information, Montenegro
  • Edin Ibrahimefendić, Legal Advisor, Institution of Human Rights Ombudsman of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Despite slow progress, the report concludes that sustained pressure from journalists, civil society, and independent institutions is crucial for ensuring that freedom of information becomes a genuine right rather than an empty promise across the Western Balkans.

The event was supported by the Austrian Development Agency-funded project “Paper Trail for Better Governance IV.”

You can read the full report here.

‘Our Countries Needed Us’: How Five Balkan Women Built BIRN

Back in 2005, five women from countries recovering from brutal wars defied the odds to establish what would become a major independent media organisation – Balkan Investigative Reporting Network. Marking the 20th anniversary, this is their story.

By Hamdi Firat Buyuk

In 2005, Gordana Igric, Nerma Jelacic, Ana Petruseva, Dragana Solomon and Jeta Xharra were sitting in Solomon’s kitchen in Belgrade, discussing what to call their new independent media project. They settled on the Balkan Investigative Reporting Network – BIRN for short – as the name for the organisation which this week celebrates its 20th anniversary.

“We chose to be watchdogs, not lapdogs,” Solomon says.

“Our countries needed us,” adds Igric, the founding regional director of BIRN.

Igric was a well-respected journalist at the time and was the Balkan project manager at IWPR, from 1999 until August 2005, during which time the organisations Balkan reporting won numerous press awards.

“Our purpose was to produce investigative reporting. The only way was to fund raise to produce that, to cover all these issues, like corruption, [war] crimes and all those problems that were bothering us in our countries. We did not want to be interfered with and controlled by governments,” Igric says.

Continuing the legacy of wartime reporting

Ana Petruseva (centre) and Gordana Igric (first on the right) at a meeting in Skopje in 2016, just after BIRN’s 10th anniversary. Photo: BIRN

When BIRN’s founders decided to establish their media NGO, many believed that the idea would fail because they assumed that the Balkans would enter a period of democratic stability after the fall of Slobodan Milosevic’s authoritarian nationalist regime in Serbia, which had been involved in much of the warmongering in the 1990s.

“At the time, many people internationally thought, ‘Oh, this is all over. Milosevic fell. There is going to be peace, unity, brotherhood and democracy and Balkan countries will join the EU in a short time.’ However, I knew, coming from here, it was far from [resolved] and we can see that now,” Igric says.

Nerma Jelacic, who came from Bosnia and ended up in the UK as a refugee fleeing the war, worked for The Observer, the Daily Telegraph, the Financial Times and IWPR before joining up with the other BIRN founders.

Jelacic was also told that setting up a new NGO, especially a regional one operating across borders in the Balkans, was impractical and unlikely to succeed.

“I remember speaking to both and international partners in Bosnia and across the Balkans. They asked us: ‘Are you crazy?’” Jelacic recalls.

The pessimists were proved wrong, however. Twenty years later, BIRN has become a major independent network with its headquarters in Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as country organisations in Albania, Bosnia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania and Serbia. The organisation has also won 155 local, regional and regional press freedom awards.

Jelacic describes this achievement as “beyond success”.

“The fact that the network has been established and still exists two decades later, is crucially important,” she says. “Beyond doubt, it also served as an inspiration for similar efforts to be set up, not only in the Balkans, but also in other conflict areas.”

Balkan Insight, BIRN’s flagship English-language publication, was first published in September 2005 as an emailed newsletter. Its first story focused on the perpetrators of a war crime in Kosovo. Since then it has continued to cover the consequences of the 1990s conflicts, even as many war crimes were ignored by other domestic media across the region and denied by nationalist politicians.

‘We needed non-nationalist media’

One of the first ‘Jeta ne Kosove’ TV programmes made by BIRN Kosovo in 2005. Photo: BIRN.

Jeta Xharra, from Kosovo, was the only Albanian speaker among BIRN’s fine founders. She has worked for the BBC during the war in her home country and then afterwards, as a young journalist and graduate student, for IWPR in London.

After finishing her master’s studies in the UK, Xharra intended to go back to Kosovo, where she believed she could make a difference to its war-ravaged society.

“The countries [in the Balkans] were so fragile, hurt and traumatised that balanced reporting was essential to make peace work in the Balkans. It was a time when we needed to make our countries functional, as the ethnic wars were still casting a shadow over the post-war period,” she says.

“Nationalism would have prevailed if we did not have balanced, non-nationalist media.”

Xharra said she joined BIRN for its non-nationalist and pluralist approach – a contrast to most of the media organisations in the Balkan region.

“I felt this was a team that treated me unlike any way Albanians had been treated in former Yugoslavia,” she says.

“Now, you have to understand, historically and traditionally, this matters a lot, because culturally, Albanians were treated like second-class citizens in former Yugoslavia. Yes, and this team treated me as an equal. It was quite important.”

Ana Petruseva, the director of BIRN’s North Macedonia office and the managing editor of Balkan Insight until 2016, also recalled the days they started BIRN and Balkan Insight.

Before joining BIRN, Petruseva was the Macedonia country director for IWPR. She previously worked as a journalist for a variety of media outlets in North Macedonia and internationally, including Reuters, Deutsche Welle, Telma TV and daily newspaper Dnevnik.

Petruseva was first in contact with Igric in 2001 while she was reporting on the Ohrid Framework Agreement that ended the brief conflict between the Macedonian security forces and ethnic Albanian insurgents.

However, as they were working for online media, which was newly emerging at the time, they only met in person in 2004. Petruseva’s online involvement led her to the helm of Balkan Insight, which she says she wanted to be seen as an “ethical and responsible” publication as well as “a very reputable source of information”.

“I’m really proud of what Balkan Insight has become,” she added.

From the original five, only Petruseva and Xharra are still with BIRN: Petruseva is head of BIRN Macedonia and Xharra is head of BIRN Kosovo.

Igric retired in 2018, while Solomon and Jelacic have enjoyed successful careers at an international since leaving BIRN.

Jelacic is now a leading global expert in justice in post-war countries, a topic that BIRN has covered extensively.

“And that was kind of also a natural progression because the Bosnian BIRN was focusing very much on transitional justice and accountability issues,” she says.

She is now director for management and external relations at the Commission for International Justice and Accountability, CIJA, a non-governmental organisation dedicated to collecting evidence up to a criminal law standard in order to further criminal justice efforts to end impunity, domestically or internationally.

Before this, she was running communications and outreach programmes for the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in The Hague.

Like Jelacic, Solomon worked for international organisations after leaving BIRN. She was on the staff of the OSCE’s missions in Serbia, Kosovo and Ukraine, and now works for the British government.

‘Completely fresh and new’

BIRN staff at a regional meeting in 2022 in Tirana. Photo: BIRN.

According to Igric, BIRN’s main purpose was to bring international journalism standards to the Balkans at a point when domestic media outlets were poorly funded and were not doing in-depth investigative reporting, or even properly editing what they were publishing.

“Many media outlets just took whatever journalists would write and published it without checking, without structure, without proper sourcing of the stories,” she says. This situation was an inspiration for one of BIRN’s first training programmes, the Fellowship for Journalistic Excellence, which develops the skills needed for solid investigative reporting.

It was in this environment that the fledgling BIRN started to build a reputation for “fantastic, revealing investigative stories”, recalls Igric – an initiative that was “completely fresh and new for the Balkans”.

The second instalment of this series on July 1 looks at the development of BIRN from 2005 to the present day.

BIRN Summer School of Investigative Reporting: Applications Open

BIRN Summer School brings top investigative journalists to Pristina this August.

This August, Pristina becomes the epicentre of investigative journalism as the 15th BIRN Summer School of Investigative Reporting takes place between August 25 to 30, 2025.

Over the course of six days, 30 journalists will dive deep into the art of investigative reporting, guided by some of the most acclaimed editors and award-winning journalists.

Whether you’re chasing your next big story or aiming to take your reporting to the next level, this is where promising investigative journalists connect with leading professionals in the field. 

Pristina awaits. Are you ready to learn more about investigative journalism?

Journalists will sharpen their investigative skills under the guidance of award-winning editors, data experts, and seasoned reporters. The lead trainer for the week is Blake Morrison, Investigative Projects Editor at Reuters in New York, whose Pulitzer-nominated stories have driven policy changes and criminal convictions. From shaping story ideas to structuring impactful narratives, Blake will work closely with participants throughout the programme.

Investigative techniques using data will be a strong component of the curriculum. Jonathan Soma, Professor of Data Journalism at Columbia University and director of its Data Journalism and Lede Programs, will teach advanced methods for analysing and visualising data, and explore how artificial intelligence is transforming the way we investigate complex stories.

Participants will also look at how to access and investigate public records, particularly in the areas of environmental and climate reporting. Alexenia Dimitrova, an ICIJ member, Pulitzer-winning journalist, and author of five acclaimed books, will share her open-source intelligence (OSINT) expertise and demonstrate how public documents and datasets can be turned into compelling investigations.

Further developing OSINT skills, Reade Levinson of Reuters will lead practical exercises in geolocation and satellite image analysis, helping participants verify information and uncover wrongdoing with digital tools used in leading international newsrooms.

Pristina, a city full of energy, culture, and contrasts, offers the perfect setting to strike that vital balance between intense investigative work and self-care. From lively cafés and historic streets to vibrant debates in the classroom, the city invites you to both dig deep and breathe out.

Recognising that powerful journalism depends on journalists’ well-being, the Summer School will also include sessions on mental health, resilience, and communication. In partnership with The Self-Investigation foundation, Emma Thomasson, a journalist and certified coach, will lead training on managing conflict, stress, and burnout — equipping participants with strategies to sustain their careers in a high-pressure profession.

Set in the heart of Kosovo, the Summer School offers not only high-calibre training but also a meaningful connection to the region’s post-conflict context. Leading the local dimension of the programme is Jeta Xharra, Director of BIRN Kosovo and one of the region’s most prominent investigative journalists. Drawing on her work in transitional justice and her role as anchor of Life in Kosovo, Jeta will guide participants through the ethical and practical challenges of uncovering hidden truths in transitional societies. Participants will also visit The Reporting House and Kallxo.com, gaining first-hand insight into one of Southeast Europe’s most active anti-corruption platforms.

Beyond the workshops and lectures, BIRN will also provide dedicated space for networking, collaboration, and community building, because some of the best stories start with a shared coffee or a cross-border connection made in moments between the hard work.

In Pristina, you won’t just grow as a journalist — you’ll connect with a community that shares your passion!

As every year, BIRN is providing 30 full scholarships for selected participants. Journalists from the following countries are eligible to apply: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Ukraine, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Turkey, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. This will cover a full stipend for participation in the programme, accommodation, meals, as well as transportation expenses of up to €200.

In addition to training, editorial support, and mentorship, BIRN will offer selected participants funding through our Investigative Initiative Story Fund to support the development and production of their investigative stories.

Participants are expected to arrive at the School with an initial idea for an investigative story, which they will develop further during the week in Pristina. 

Throughout the sessions, participants will receive mentoring and guidance to refine their story proposals. By the end of the week, each participant or cross-border team will pitch their investigative story idea to a jury composed of BIRN editors and trainers. The best pitches will be awarded with editorial guidance, financial support, and publication opportunities to carry out the investigation in the months following the BIRN Summer School.

Limited spots are also available for international participants who want to take part in the training and cover their own costs. They need to cover an all-inclusive fee of €1,500, covering full board at the Mercure Hotel in Pristina, where the BIRN Summer School is taking place. No extra charges are requested for tuition.

Applications close on July 13, 2025.

Click here to apply!

Balkan Dispatch: Apply Now for BIRN’s Travel and Reporting Grants

BIRN’s Reporting Democracy Travel & Reporting Programme invites journalists from the Visegrad region to apply for a grant that covers professional fees and field reporting expenses. This is a unique opportunity to report from the Balkans and gain deeper insights into the region.

As part of our ongoing commitment to fostering journalistic collaboration and knowledge exchange between regions, we are pleased to launch the 2025 cycle of our Travel & Reporting Grants Programme.

This programme offers a unique chance to embark on a reporting assignment, backed by financial support, editorial guidance, and on-the-ground assistance in countries where BIRN has established offices: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro.

We encourage journalists with a strong interest in the Balkans to apply and produce impactful stories for audiences in their home countries. Selected stories may also be featured on BIRN’s Reporting Democracy platform and in leading media outlets across the region.

We welcome pitches for a variety of journalistic formats, including analysis, investigative pieces, feature stories and interviews. Cross-border reporting, serialised stories and multimedia outputs such as video, photography, radio or podcast content are also strongly encouraged.

Who Can Apply?

We invite applications from journalists based in Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Applications are welcome from:

  • Individual journalists, whether affiliated with a newsroom or working as freelancers
  • Teams that may include reporters, editors, producers, videographers or photographers
  • Media outlets with an interest in cross-border or international reporting

A maximum of ten (10) grants will be awarded during this call.

Grant Amount

Each successful applicant will receive 2,500 euros to support the production of high-quality, original journalism.

Important Dates:

Application Deadline: July 10, 2025, by 23:59 CET

Project Completion Deadline: February 2026

Each applicant may submit only one application per grant cycle.

What Should the Application Include?

To be considered, your application should include the following:

Topic Overview: A clear description of your proposed story idea and why it is relevant.

Balkan Fieldwork Plan: An outline of your planned reporting trip(s) to one or more Balkan countries, including a rough timeline.

Publishing Strategy: A distribution plan explaining where and how you intend to publish or broadcast your story.

Eligible Costs Covered by the Grant:

  • Professional fees
  • Travel and transport expenses
  • Accommodation
  • Daily allowances during fieldwork
  • Production costs (e.g., fixers, translation, photo/video services, etc.)

How to Apply

To submit your application, please complete the online application form available at this LINK. At the start of the form, you’ll be asked to choose whether you are applying as an individual journalist/team or as a media outlet — the relevant version of the form will then open automatically based on your selection.

All applications must be submitted in English.

Please ensure that your responses are clear and thorough, as we will only follow up if essential information is missing and prevents an objective evaluation.

The deadline for applications is July 10, 2025.

If you have any questions or need assistance during the application process, feel free to contact us at [email protected]. We’re here to help.

Evaluation Process

Step 1: Technical Review

BIRN staff will conduct a technical check to confirm all required documents have been submitted correctly.

Step 2: Editorial Evaluation

An editorial board will assess applications that pass the technical review based on the story idea’s originality, feasibility, and potential impact.

Step 3: Notification of Results

All applicants will be notified of the outcome. Successful applicants will be informed by August 5, 2025.

We look forward to receiving your proposals and supporting your work in producing compelling journalism that bridges regions and tells important stories across borders.

BIRN and Goethe-Institut Join Forces to Empower Public Service Media in the Western Balkans

Public service broadcasters and media professionals from across the Western Balkan in Podgorica, Montenegro, attended a two-day training designed to strengthen audience engagement and enhance cross-border collaboration in journalism.

On June 3 and 4, the Balkan Investigative Reporting Network (BIRN) and Goethe-Institute.V. organised the event “Empowering Public Service Media for Greater Citizen Engagement and Cross-Border Collaboration”. The event was also hosted by RTCG, Montenegro’s public broadcaster.

This initiative brought together media professionals from public broadcasters in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia, providing practical tools and strategies to foster stronger connections with audiences and to collaborate across borders on shared issues.

“Audience engagement is a concept we at BIRN have been implementing over the past three years. We developed a digital tool that is now successfully used by more than 50 media outlets across the Western Balkans and Visegrad countries – a tool through which award-winning stories have been produced,” Vuk Maras, BIRN Montenegro’s Director, said.

Gentiana Murati, BIRN’s Deputy Director, presented the scheme for the content production grants, which are available for public broadcasters.

The training aimed to address pressing challenges, such as declining viewership and rising mistrust, and harness new opportunities for meaningful public engagement.

“At RTCG, we believe in innovation that serves the public good, and we are proud to host initiatives like this that bring together regional partners to learn from each other and work towards stronger, more trusted journalism across the Western Balkans,” Boris Raonic, RTCG’s Director General, said.

During the training, participants explored participatory journalism methods, innovative audience formats, and successful case studies from the region and beyond.

Boris Raonic and Georgia Trismpioti

“At a time when public trust and audience engagement are more important than ever, public service media must evolve – not just to inform, but to listen, include, and co-create with their communities,” said Georgia Trismpioti, Regional Team Leader for the “Innovation. Media. Minds” Programme.

“We know the challenges – shrinking audiences, rising mistrust – but we also know that innovation and collaboration can open new doors. This training is a chance to explore tools, share experiences, and develop ideas that can travel across borders,” she added.

This event is part of the “Innovation. Media. Minds Programme: Support to Public Service Journalism in the Western Balkans”, funded by the European Union and managed by the Goethe-Institut on behalf of the European Commission and in collaboration with its implementing partner, DW Akademie.

It is also part of the EU-funded project “Strengthening Quality News and Independent Journalism in the Western Balkans and Türkiye II”, which BIRN and seven other partners implement. It aims to provide systemic support to improve quality and professionalism in journalism in the Western Balkans and Türkiye.

Meet the People Behind BIRN: Perparim Isufi

Perparim Isufi is Balkan Insight’s editor and Kosovo correspondent. He joined BIRN Kosovo in 2014, as an editor of KALLXO.com.

Before Perparim started to work as a journalist at several media outlets in Kosovo, he studied political science at the University of Prishtina. Explaining how he imagined his career when he studied, he says:

“They are not far away from each other. Studies have been done on the juncture and disjuncture between political sciences and journalism, and when I look at them, I see that both sides have their points. However, I kept my determination to stick to my passion with journalism, despite sporadic attractions elsewhere.”

Speaking of that, he worked as a Press Assistant at the OSCE Mission in Kosovo, maintaining contacts with the Kosovo media, but it was difficult for him to adjust to working with the press from that perspective.

“But it served as a good lesson for me. Before my experience with the OSCE, I often became upset with the press offices of different organisations, when my questions were not addressed properly or were ignored. I found a different reality, a complex machine, which means press officers often are unjustly criticized by journalists,” he says.

“Switching to the other side came as work for journalists started to become more and more difficult and unaffordable. I started with the OSCE exactly on the day when I turned 10 years in journalism,” he says.

And then, life had some other surprises for Perparim; he started working with BIRN.

“I knew it would be a challenge, and I was right. I came to BIRN in May 2014, and in the first six years worked as editor with BIRN Kosovo’s flagship news site Kallxo.com. Over the years, I used to contribute to Balkan Insight, so when the opportunity came to fully switch to Balkan Insight, I grabbed it with both hands. It came very naturally. I am under the same roof, I just changed the room,” he says.

In his own words, he would lie if he said his expectations had been to stay in BIRN for such a long time.

“Eleven years and counting! Since day one, working with BIRN has always been intriguing to me. Different countries, cultures, and even time zones. A different approach to the job compared to local newsrooms in our geographical area is something I would have missed if I had not experienced it in my career,” he says.

Every journalist has their favourite and least favourite topics. Living and reporting from a country with an enduring political and security crisis, Perparim’s career has been dominated by current affairs stories, be they news, analysis, features, or interviews.

“When I need a fresh restart, I happily switch to culture stories. They are refreshing to me and offer me the chance to be more creative. Yes, it is the light stories I would want to re-read, when I am no longer in this job,” he says.

As in any other profession, journalism has its ups and downs. In Perparim’s view, they are intertwined.

“Your day starts from scratch. No matter how well you did the day before, today you have a new day ahead, which demands your full availability. And as the day goes by, you feel the best part of the job is when you switch off, with concrete results from your work – until the next morning.”

Perparim also mentors young journalists on the Media Innovation Europe project that BIRN implements.

“I have a feeling that both I as mentor and the journalists I mentor cherish it. It is always exciting to get the perspective of a young journalist. It takes me back to my old self, when I was in need of a more experienced journalist, an editor, to guide me throughout the work.”

Working with different editors in the past helped him shape himself as a person, a journalist, and now as an editor. He understands well what young journalists find hard in their profession nowadays.

“So many things have changed. In our region, young local journalists face more difficulties than before because the market is no longer the same. But when I work with them, I see their eagerness to prove themselves outside their usual boundaries,” he says.

And for any young person striving to become a journalist in the region, he has a clear message.

“Be resilient! It is common in our region to feel neglected, but just try to see who wants to make you feel that way. There will always be a powerful person or government who will try to threaten or even tempt you, just to prevent you from doing the job properly. There will always be someone who does not want your article to get across. Remember that many before us had it far more difficult, and succeeded through their resilience.”

Speaking of finishing his professional career, he explains: “Did the time come to think about it? I don’t see it coming in the future, but when the day comes, I will have many things to reflect upon. As the saying goes, once a journalist, always a journalist.”

One passion will occupy his attention and time – reading.

“When that day comes, besides my family duties, I am already planning the reading list. I recently came across an expression: Tsundoku. It is about a person who buys books but piles them up and waits for another time to read them. My pile of books of all sorts is already waiting on the shelves.”

BIRN at POINT 13 Conference: Digital Security for Activists, Media, and CSOs in Western Balkans

Sarajevo conference puts focus on increasing challenges in protecting freedom of speech, privacy and security in the digital environment.

BIRN participated in the POINT 13 conference held on May 29-30, 2025, in Sarajevo, which brought together key participants from civil society, journalism, technology and activism, focusing on digital security and infrastructure for journalists, activists and civil society organisations in the Western Balkans.

On the first day, Azra Milić, Digital Rights Programme Coordinator at BIRN Hub, moderated the panel session “Digital Security and Infrastructure for Activists, Media and CSOs in the Western Balkans”. The discussion focused on the increasing challenges in protecting freedom of speech, privacy and security in the digital environment. The panelists were Nikola Ristić, activist and co-founder of OG Sviće, Andrijana Ristić, a researcher from the Share Foundation, and Michael J Oghia from the Journalism Cloud Alliance. Two of the speakers were directly targeted in smear campaigns by the Serbian tabloid Informer due to their participation in the conference.

Nikola Ristić, in addition to being targeted because of his participation at the conference, had previously been a victim of digital surveillance, including the hacking of his phone by the Serbian Intelligence Agency (BIA) and the release of footage from security cameras at Belgrade airport to the tabloids. He noted the importance of protecting privacy and data, highlighting basic measures like strong passwords and selecting the right devices.

“You need to understand the infrastructure you use. For instance, those little keys you get at POINT Conferences to secure your data and passwords – they’re simple, but important. And yes, it matters who manufactures your phone,” he said.

In the discussion about the challenges faced by civil society organisations, it was pointed out that attacks on individuals often lead to broader attacks on the organisations themselves. Andrijana Ristić, who was also target of smear campaign last week, noted that while there is a growing focus on digital security, more attention needs to be paid to data privacy, which is often overlooked.

“Right now, it feels like the focus is overwhelmingly on security — but we need to think more about protecting our privacy too,” she warned.

Another key issue raised was the importance of secure cloud services for journalists, especially those working on investigative reporting and data analysis. Michael J Oghia stressed the significance of these tools, speaking about a project launched last year at the International Journalism Conference in Perugia. The project aims to bring together members and partners from various sectors with the goal of making cloud services more secure, accessible, and sustainable, which would help reduce costs.

The POINT 13 conference served as an important platform for exchanging experiences and solutions. Speakers agreed that progress in digital security and privacy protection is essential, as well as building the infrastructure that enables secure work in the digital environment, free from the fear of attacks, censorship, or violence.

Fellowship for Journalistic Excellence Winners Announced at Ceremony in Vienna

The winners of the Fellowship for Journalistic Excellence were announced at a ceremony in Vienna on 16 May, honouring three powerful stories that reveal pressing environmental, political, and social challenges across Europe.

First prize of €3,000 was awarded to Zuza Nazaruk, a journalist from Poland currently based in the Netherlands, for her compelling story on the escalating crisis in the Białowieża Forest. The story examines how this UNESCO World Heritage site is being transformed into a militarised zone, where environmental degradation, heightened military presence, and migration converge. Through vivid reporting, Nazaruk reveals how thousands of migrants and soldiers are clashing in a forest once celebrated for its rich biodiversity, now caught in the crossfire of geopolitical tensions.

Jury member, and a correspondent for the Austrian daily, Der Standard, Adelheid Wölfl said: “Zuza Nazaruk shows the impact of geopolitical battles on the vulnerable and abused. She sheds light on those invisible in the thicket and portrays colourfully parts of our nature: plants, animals, and humans. She not only shows how much money and effort is spent in today’s Europe on preventing migration, but also the impact this has on our ecosystem. Zuza Nazaruk proves that we need journalism that gives a voice to those we cannot hear, and simultaneously safeguards something we all need: dignity.”

The second award of €2,000 went to Greek journalists Ioanna Louloudi and Paschalina Kapetaniou for their investigation into the Greek state’s repeated failure to accept responsibility and deliver justice to victims of police brutality, accidents, and disasters. Despite existing laws that mandate state compensation, the authorities frequently appeal rulings and prolong legal proceedings, forcing citizens into years-long battles for recognition and redress. Their story highlights the frustration and mistrust that this persistent denial of accountability fosters among the public.

“It is a Kafkaesque story, which happens now, in a democracy, where paradoxically the state fights against its citizens. It is a story about a human battle for dignity and civil rights,” said the jury member and Director of the Albanian Media Institute, Remzi Lani.

The third award of €1,000 went to Zuzana Vlasata from the Czech Republic for her story about a toxic leak on a Czech river. Her report shows how a factory linked to former Prime Minister Andrej Babiš should have been a prime suspect over the incident, but evaded official scrutiny. Jury member and editor at Bellingcat, Gyula Csák, said: “Zuzana Vlasata’s powerful and engaging investigative piece demonstrates state capture and systemic failure through the story of a factory accident in the Czech Republic.”

The ceremony marked the conclusion of the 2023 edition of the Fellowship.

In addition to jury members Adelheid Wölfl, Remzi Lani and Gyula Csák, this year’s panel included Milorad Ivanović, representing the FJE alumni network; Florian Hassel, Central and Eastern Europe correspondent for the German daily Süddeutsche Zeitung; Elena Panagiotidis, editor at the Swiss daily Neue Zürcher Zeitung; and Kristof Bender, deputy chairman of the European Stability Initiative.

With the end of this year’s programme, seven fellows join the FJE alumni network – consisting of more than 150 journalists from 14 Central and Eastern European countries who promote the highest standards of professional journalism.

Launched in 2007, the Fellowship for Journalistic Excellence is now in its eighteenth year. The programme fosters professional growth, cross-border cooperation, and in-depth reporting on key issues across central, eastern and south-eastern Europe. Each year, ten fellows receive financial and editorial support to develop long-form stories on complex regional and European topics.

The Fellowship is implemented by the Balkan Investigative Reporting Network and supported by ERSTE Foundation.

Meet the People Behind BIRN: Aida Tinjak

Aida Tinjak is the Grants and Project Coordinator at the BIRN Hub.

Her professional path has taken her from art history and pedagogy through working with several non-governmental organisations, cultural and creative industries projects, and strengthening local self-government to her current position in the BIRN Hub. So, how did she manage all these positions?

Let’s meet her!

Aida’s academic background in Art History and Pedagogy from the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Sarajevo, shaped the foundation of her interest in how culture, memory, and narrative intertwine. She worked as a curator at Gallery 11/07/95, a memorial gallery dedicated to the memory of the Srebrenica genocide.

“It was there that I encountered the power of war photography through permanent and temporary exhibitions by renowned photojournalists such as Ron Haviv, Narciso Contreras, and Paul Lowe, whose work has shaped how the world sees and remembers the war. These exhibitions were not merely artistic displays—they were testimonies. They revealed to me how photojournalism, particularly war photography, operates at the intersection of art, truth, and justice. On one hand, such images preserve historical facts; on the other, they restore voice and presence to those who were silenced”, Aida explains.

This experience profoundly influenced her understanding of journalism as an active force in memory-making and truth-telling. After her time at the gallery, she worked with several non-governmental organisations on projects related to cultural and creative industries and the empowerment of local communities.

“At the same time, I tried my hand at journalism, exploring one of its many forms. However, I soon (and perhaps just in time) discovered that what resonates more deeply with me is supporting and empowering journalists—those who seek to deepen their knowledge, expand their skills, and explore new tools. I began writing articles focused on practical techniques and digital tools that journalists can use in their everyday work. The aim was not only to share useful resources, but to contribute, however modestly, to raising the overall quality of media content and building the competencies that a resilient, responsible journalism requires”, says Tinjak.

Joining BIRN felt like a natural progression for her. It allowed Aida to continue engaging with narratives that matter, with investigative journalism’s added urgency and responsibility:

“I believe that journalism and art are united by a shared impulse—to communicate, to preserve memory, and to question the world around us. Both serve as powerful tools for challenging oppressive systems and amplifying silenced voices, pushing boundaries and standing as unwavering beacons of truth in a world that often seeks to suppress them.” 

When she joined BIRN Hub as a Project/Programme Assistant in 2021, she expected hard work, persistence, and the need to grow into the responsibilities ahead.

”And that’s exactly what awaited me. The road wasn’t without its challenges, but each experience has left valuable lessons that have shaped my professional path. What I hadn’t dared to expect was the depth of connection within the team. It’s the people who make me proud to be part of BIRN—their trust, support, and understanding make every challenge easier and every success more meaningful”, explains Aida.

Now, as a Grants and Project Coordinator at BIRN Hub, her work revolves around coordinating and implementing project activities, and overseeing and managing the grant-making process. In practice, that means a great deal of communication, mostly with journalists who are grant recipients, and quite a bit of administration.

“What makes the role truly rewarding is the opportunity to connect and collaborate with journalists from different countries (even if mostly online), to read their story proposals, and to hear fresh, often powerful ideas. It makes me happy to be, even in a small way, part of the journey that leads to the production of those stories. The job requires solid organisational skills, which I’ve come to value more and more over time. I believe that when things are well structured from the start, it’s easier to navigate the unexpected. While plans sometimes shift and circumstances change, having a reliable structure in place helps me adapt and keep things moving”, says Aida.

One of the BIRN programmes Aida works on is the Fellowship of Journalistic Excellence, which covers a region spanning 14 countries, from Poland and the Czech Republic to Greece and Romania. It has been running since 2007, and more than 150 leading regional journalists have participated. The ERSTE Foundation co-funded it.

“The programme begins with a kick-off seminar in Vienna, where selected fellows from across the region meet, exchange ideas, and begin shaping their stories under the guidance of an editor. This is followed by a months-long process of research, reporting, writing, and revising, resulting in some truly exceptional stories. Many of these stories have been recognised with prestigious awards, which serve as a testament to the programme’s ability to nurture high-quality journalism in the region.

What truly stands out is that the programme doesn’t end once the story is published. Fellows who complete the programme join an expanding alumni network that offers a wealth of opportunities for collaboration, networking, and knowledge-sharing. This network plays a key role in enhancing professional growth and strengthening cross-border journalistic ties”, explains Tinjak.

BIRN is currently working on enhancing the programme’s website, which will feature some new additions, such as an alumni directory—a dynamic database where fellows can connect and showcase their professional biographies. In addition, BIRN will launch a Fellowship podcast series, designed to promote the programme’s brand and delve into the significance of long-form journalism.

Reporting Democracy is another BIRN project Aida works on, and is also supported by the ERSTE Foundation. It is focused on leveraging independent journalism to critically examine the issues shaping the future of democracy in Central, Eastern, and Southeast Europe. It has a network of regional correspondents and publishes a bi-weekly review of key democratic developments — the Twice podcast (Two Weeks in Central Europe).

“Reporting Democracy supports journalists in a variety of ways, including accepting pitches on a rolling basis, commissioning stories, and offering grants. These grants include those provided through the Fellowship for Journalistic Excellence, as well as the Travel and Reporting Programme, which funds journalists from the Visegrad region (Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia) to carry out field research and report on Balkan-related stories. In addition, we periodically offer grants for journalists from Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe, along with Fellowship Alumni grants available to members of the Fellowship alumni network”, said Tinjak.

In the end, we’re returning to the beginning of our story. Art history and museums’ educational functions remain Aida’s passions, but have evolved over time, although their essence remains unchanged:

“I see it as a continuous thread—quietly reminding me that there is always more to explore and uncover, and that growth often lies just beyond the familiar boundaries. I believe that a diversity of experiences and knowledge is what shapes and strengthens us, preparing us for whatever lies ahead.”

She also continued with her education, becoming a Certified New Media Designer a few years ago. Recently, she’s been revisiting that field, refreshing what she’s learned. After the work is done, Aida has her favourite activities during her spare time:

“I enjoy spending my free time with family and friends—whether that means hiking, catching a live gig, seeing a play, taking a shot at a pub quiz (with more enthusiasm than correct answers ), or simply going for a walk (and pretending it counts as exercise ). At other times, it’s about embracing stillness—giving myself and my thoughts the space to pause, regroup, and recharge for whatever comes next.”

Request for Quotes for Digital Rights Policy Papers Development

The Balkan Investigative Reporting Network (BIRN) is seeking highly skilled experts to contribute to the Reporting Digital Rights and Freedoms project and to develop Policy Papers that will outline regulatory and policy paths to prevent digital rights violations, focusing on countries from the Western Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia) and Turkey.

We specifically welcome applications from Turkey to explore the particular dynamic and evolving context in terms of digital rights and freedoms. Current policy and legislative framework in this field in the region is underdeveloped and/or obsolete. It fails to address existing challenges, let alone anticipate changes driven by the fast-changing world of technology. The aim is to identify existing regional policies that do not meet international standards and require significant changes, as well as highlight missing policies that need to be developed. These papers should offer structured, multi-sectoral approaches to identifying needs and opportunities for policy change and propose recommendations to prevent violations of digital rights.

Role Overview

BIRN is seeking proposals from qualified individuals or groups of individuals to develop a comprehensive policy paper on digital rights. The selected experts will be responsible for proposing relevant topics for the paper, conducting thorough analyses, engaging with stakeholders, and developing the policy paper. Their work will focus on providing recommendations to enhance digital rights governance, address policy gaps, and align policies with international standards.

This role requires a multi-sectoral approach, which will contribute to a deeper understanding of the needs of all stakeholders from diverse backgrounds, including journalists, researchers, activists, academics, industry players, vulnerable groups as well as decision makers. Furthermore, the selected experts will work closely with the BIRN team to incorporate insights from previous findings and monitoring cases into their work.

Main Tasks and Responsibilities

  • Conduct Desk Research: The expert will conduct desk research on digital rights issues, regional policies and the legislative framework relevant to the proposed theme. This includes reviews of existing regional and international frameworks related to digital rights and analysis of different regional case studies. The expert will analyse gaps, identify weaknesses and challenges within the current landscape, offering in-depth analysis to support further advancements in this field.
  • Conduct Interviews with Relevant Stakeholders: The expert will engage with all relevant stakeholders to gather necessary insights, which will serve to address the identified needs based on the feedback received and to incorporate them into the paper.
  • Develop the Policy Paper: The expert will develop the policy paper, ensuring it is structured, evidence-based and clearly understandable for all stakeholders. It is essential that the policy paper includes realistic and feasible recommendations, such as proposing specific amendments, new policies or legislative frameworks that can enhance digital rights protections to prevent digital rights violations in the region. Additionally, the policy paper must be grounded in international human rights standards, while being tailored to the specific context of the region.

Timeline

Work on this assignment shall start in June 2025.

Remuneration

The compensation for each Policy Paper may reach a maximum of 1,000 EUR.

Eligibility Criteria and Offer Evaluations

Applicants should have a proven experience in digital rights research, policy analysis, as well as strong understanding of digital rights. Also, applicants should demonstrate ability to produce high-quality policy papers or similar reports.

Selection Criteria:

Selection Criteria Points
Work Experience: proven experience in digital rights research and/or policy research with strong understanding of digital rights concepts 40 points
Proposed topic: relevance, clarity and feasibility of the proposed topic, demonstrating originality 40 points
Cost: Reasonable and lowest pricing in relation to the proposed Scope of Work 20 points

Offer Submission

To submit the offer, you must sign and complete Annex I – Procurement Form, Content Offer, Financial Form and Annex 2 – Declaration for Responsible Procurement. The Request for Quotes, along with the Annexes, can be downloaded here.

The complete offer with both Annexes filled and your CV must be returned to [email protected] by June 15, 2025 at 23:59 CET with the subject line: RfQ: Digital Rights Policy Paper Development.

Only shortlisted candidates will be contacted.